{"id":76148,"date":"2026-09-17T22:10:49","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T19:10:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/come-orientare-le-stanze-secondo-i-punti-cardinali\/"},"modified":"2026-09-17T22:10:49","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T19:10:49","slug":"come-orientare-le-stanze-secondo-i-punti-cardinali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/come-orientare-le-stanze-secondo-i-punti-cardinali\/","title":{"rendered":"Come Orientare le Stanze Secondo i Punti Cardinali"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.6; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem;\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">        {'\u0420\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440': {'@context': 'http:\/\/schema.org','@type': 'Article','mainEntityOfPage': {'@type': 'WebPage','@id': 'https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/yak-orientuvaty-kimnaty-po-storonah-svitu\/'},'headline': 'Come orientare le stanze secondo i punti cardinali: principi architettonici e soluzioni efficienti dal punto di vista energetico','image': ['https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/images\/orientation-main.webp','https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/images\/orientation-south.webp','https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/images\/orientation-north.webp'],'datePublished': '2023-10-27T10:00:00+02:00','dateModified': '2023-10-27T10:00:00+02:00','author': {'@type': 'Person','name': '\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 Koleo'},'publisher': {'@type': 'Organization','name': 'Koleo','logo': {'@type': 'ImageObject','url': 'https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/logo.webp'}},'description': 'Scoprite come orientare correttamente le stanze secondo i punti cardinali per unu2019illuminazione ottimale, per le prestazioni termotecniche (U\/R) e lu2019efficienza energetica, tenendo conto della scelta delle finestre e della 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\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0443, \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0443\u0454 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0457\u0432. \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u044f\u043a U-value (\u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0456) \u0442\u0430 SHGC (\u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f), \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0454 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443. \u0426\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0438\u0439 SHGC \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0432, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0437) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443. \u041f\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 U-value \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0443. \u0421\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0456 \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0456\u043c\u0430\u0442. \u0426\u0435 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\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456. \u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f: \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442. \u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043e\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0454 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\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0445\u043d\u0456, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a, \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443 \u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u043a \u0437\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456 \u0436\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0456, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0437\u0438, \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438 (\u043a\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0438), \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0456\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0456\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u044f, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0456\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c U-value \u0442\u0430 SHGC (\u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f). \u0417\u0430 \u0414\u0411\u041d \u0412.2.6-31:2021, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 U-value \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0456 0.8\u20131.1 \u0412\u0442\/(\u043c\u00b2\u22c5\u041a), \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c SHGC (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, 0.4\u20130.6), \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443, \u0446\u0456 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044e\u0454 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c g-value, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0456\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 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\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0447\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0456\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0454\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0443, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0443 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043d\u044f. \u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043c, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0440\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043d\u044f. \u0412\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456, \u0457\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0456, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430. \u0411\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0437 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0454 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0432. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0454 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 SHGC (\u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f), \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, 0.25\u20130.35, \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c U-value (0.8\u20131.1 \u0412\u0442\/(\u043c\u00b2\u22c5\u041a)). \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f\u043c, \u0449\u043e \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u043e. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0434\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0456 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0436\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0456, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0443\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0456, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043e\u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f 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\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0412\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u2014 \u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c \u0456 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0454 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c 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\u0414\u0411\u041d \u0412.2.6-31:2021 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c U-value \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0456 0.8\u20131.1 \u0412\u0442\/(\u043c\u00b2\u22c5\u041a), \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, 0.7 \u0412\u0442\/(\u043c\u00b2\u22c5\u041a). \u0412\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0443: \u041f\u0412\u0425, \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439. \u041f\u0412\u0425-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u0456 \u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u044e (5-7 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440) \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0456\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u044e. \u0414\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432'\u044f\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u043b\u0456 (\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0454\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0443\u0441) \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456 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\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0419\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440 (2-3 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438), \u043d\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0456\u0432 (Low-E), \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e, \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0456\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0430\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d, \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043d), \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443. \u041a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f (SHGC) \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0454 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c: \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 SHGC (0.4-0.6) \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443; \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 SHGC (0.2-0.35) \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0454 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0456\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0432\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443. \u041a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f (LT) \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454, \u0441\u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e. \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0456\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0456 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u044e. BIM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0456 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0457 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0414\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0432\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0438: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0412\u0443\u0437\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u0454 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044c \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456. \u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0443, 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\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0433\u0456\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0456\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439), \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e- \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0456\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0440, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456) \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e 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\u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0449\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043e\u043a (\u041f\u0421\u0423\u041b) \u0437\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0456\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043e\u043a, \u044f\u043a\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u03bb (\u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c 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\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456. \u0426\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 (\u043a\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0438, \u0436\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0437\u0456), \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0456\u043a \u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0443.<\/li>\n<li>\u0415\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437: BIM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443. \u0417\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442. \u0426\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0414\u0411\u041d \u0412.2.6-31:2021.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f: \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u041a\u041f\u041e (\u043a\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456) \u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0456\u0433\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u0443 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432: \u0406\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 BIM \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432\u0446\u0456\u0432 (\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0456\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u041e\u0412\u041a), \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0456 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 BIM-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0456\u0437 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043c, \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u044f\u043a\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0431'\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0447\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a: \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 U\/R \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0447\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0457\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0414\u0411\u041d \u0412.2.6-31:2021. \u0420\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457: \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0442\u0430 suboptimal. \u0417\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043c\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0437 U-value \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d 0.2 \u0412\u0442\/(\u043c\u00b2\u22c5\u041a) (R=5.0 \u043c\u00b2\u22c5\u041a\/\u0412\u0442), U-value \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d 1.0 \u0412\u0442\/(\u043c\u00b2\u22c5\u041a) (R=1.0 \u043c\u00b2\u22c5\u041a\/\u0412\u0442) \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u043c SHGC \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d 0.4. <strong>\u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0439 1: \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434: \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0443. \u0421\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0437 SHGC 0.5.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434: \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d, \u0437 U-value 0.9 \u0412\u0442\/(\u043c\u00b2\u22c5\u041a) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439\/\u0417\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0438: \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0456, \u0437 SHGC 0.35 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f (\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0443): \u041e\u0447\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e 60-70 \u043a\u0412\u0442\u22c5\u0433\u043e\u0434\/\u043c\u00b2, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u2013 15-20 \u043a\u0412\u0442\u22c5\u0433\u043e\u0434\/\u043c\u00b2. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0443 B \u0430\u0431\u043e A. \u0422\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0439 2: Suboptimal \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u0456\u0432\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434: \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0454 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434: \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u0417\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0434: \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u0443. \u0421\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0437 SHGC 0.4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f: \u041e\u0447\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u043e 90-110 \u043a\u0412\u0442\u22c5\u0433\u043e\u0434\/\u043c\u00b2 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456 \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e 40-50 \u043a\u0412\u0442\u22c5\u0433\u043e\u0434\/\u043c\u00b2 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0443 C \u0430\u0431\u043e D. \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u041e\u0412\u041a.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0447\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a \u0447\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0456\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0454, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442, \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 30-50%. \u0426\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0454\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0456, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0442\u0454\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0434\u0456\u0432 CO\u2082 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>'}      <\/script><\/p>\n<div>\n<h1 style=\"color: #000; text-align: start; transition: all 0.3s ease; font-size: 2rem;\">COME ORIENTARE LE STANZE SECONDO I PUNTI CARDINALI<\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: start; transition: all 0.3s ease; font-size: 1.6rem; color: #40bf40; margin-top: 8px;\">PRINCIPI ARCHITETTONICI E SOLUZIONI EFFICIENTI DAL PUNTO DI VISTA ENERGETICO<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"background-color: var(--koleo-green-50); padding: 15px; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease;\">\n<p>L&#8217;orientamento ottimale delle stanze secondo i punti cardinali \u00e8 un aspetto fondamentale della progettazione architettonica, che influisce direttamente sul livello di illuminazione naturale, sul comfort termico, sul consumo energetico dell&#8217;edificio e sulla qualit\u00e0 di vita complessiva degli abitanti. Ignorare questi principi pu\u00f2 portare a costi eccessivi per riscaldamento e condizionamento, nonch\u00e9 a una riduzione della funzionalit\u00e0 degli ambienti. Questo articolo offrir\u00e0 un&#8217;analisi esperta approfondita di come i punti cardinali interagiscono con l&#8217;architettura, concentrandosi sugli elementi chiave.<\/p>\n<p>Esamineremo in dettaglio il ruolo dei <a href=\"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/inzhenerni-systemy\/systema-ventylyatsiyi\/\">sistemi di ventilazione con recupero di calore<\/a> nel mantenere un microclima ottimale, nonch\u00e9 l&#8217;impatto della scelta delle finestre (profilo e vetrocamera) sulle caratteristiche termotecniche (valori U\/R) dell&#8217;edificio. Particolare attenzione sar\u00e0 dedicata ai principi di <a href=\"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/proekty\/\">progettazione e sviluppo di progetti architettonici<\/a> dei nodi di raccordo delle finestre alle pareti, per evitare i ponti termici e garantire un&#8217;elevata tenuta all&#8217;aria. L&#8217;analisi terr\u00e0 conto delle norme edilizie ucraine e delle condizioni climatiche, nonch\u00e9 di un confronto comparativo, per dimostrare le migliori pratiche nella creazione di spazi abitativi efficienti dal punto di vista energetico e confortevoli.<\/p>\n<p>Tenere conto di questi fattori nella fase di <a href=\"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/domokomplekt\/\">scelta dei kit-casa gi\u00e0 pronti<\/a> o della progettazione individuale consente di ottenere un notevole risparmio energetico e creare un&#8217;abitazione realmente di alta qualit\u00e0. Gli strumenti moderni, come la modellazione BIM, aprono nuove possibilit\u00e0 per il calcolo preciso dell&#8217;insolazione e l&#8217;ottimizzazione dell&#8217;orientamento, garantendo il massimo comfort e costi operativi minimi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #66cc66; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-white);\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #000; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">FONDAMENTI DELL&#8217;ORIENTAMENTO SOLARE: IMPATTO SUL MICROCLIMA DEGLI AMBIENTI IN UCRAINA<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>Un corretto orientamento solare \u00e8 un fattore chiave nella progettazione di qualsiasi edificio, specialmente nelle condizioni del clima temperato dell&#8217;Ucraina, dove si osservano notevoli oscillazioni stagionali di temperatura. L&#8217;orientamento delle stanze rispetto ai punti cardinali consente di sfruttare al massimo la luce solare naturale per l&#8217;illuminazione e il riscaldamento nel periodo freddo, nonch\u00e9 di ridurre al minimo il surriscaldamento in quello caldo. La radiazione solare che entra attraverso le finestre ha un impatto diretto sul bilancio termico dell&#8217;ambiente. Ad esempio, le facciate esposte a sud ricevono la maggiore quantit\u00e0 di energia solare durante tutto l&#8217;anno, mentre quelle esposte a nord la minore. Le facciate esposte a est vengono illuminate e riscaldate attivamente al mattino, mentre quelle esposte a ovest nel pomeriggio, il che spesso causa un surriscaldamento indesiderato in estate. Secondo la DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021 &#8216;Isolamento termico degli edifici&#8217;, \u00e8 necessario tenere conto degli apporti solari nel calcolo degli indici energetici dell&#8217;edificio. Ad esempio, per gli ambienti residenziali il coefficiente minimo di illuminazione naturale (KPO) deve essere non inferiore allo 0,5% per l&#8217;illuminazione laterale. Ci\u00f2 significa che le finestre devono essere sufficientemente grandi e correttamente posizionate per garantire questo livello di illuminazione. Un orientamento scorretto pu\u00f2 richiedere un aumento della superficie delle finestre, il che, a sua volta, aumenta le dispersioni termiche in inverno o causa surriscaldamento in estate, se non sono previsti dispositivi di protezione solare efficaci. La disposizione ottimale delle finestre e le loro caratteristiche tecniche, come il valore U (trasmittanza termica) e l&#8217;SHGC (coefficiente di guadagno termico solare), devono essere calcolate accuratamente per ogni orientamento della facciata. Il principio generale consiste nel massimizzare l&#8217;apporto solare in inverno e minimizzarlo in estate, il che \u00e8 alla base della progettazione solare passiva.<\/p>\n<p>Ci\u00f2 si ottiene grazie a una scelta corretta dei sistemi di finestrature, che consentono di controllare l&#8217;apporto di energia solare. Ad esempio, le finestre sulle facciate esposte a sud possono avere un SHGC pi\u00f9 elevato per il riscaldamento invernale, ma richiederanno elementi di protezione solare esterni (tende, tende da sole) per la protezione estiva dal surriscaldamento. Le finestre a nord, al contrario, devono avere un valore U minimo per ridurre le dispersioni termiche, poich\u00e9 non ricevono un apporto solare significativo. I progetti architettonici moderni tengono conto di queste sfumature, utilizzando software specializzato per simulare le traiettorie solari e il loro impatto sul microclima interno. Ci\u00f2 consente di ottimizzare le dimensioni e la posizione delle finestre, la scelta del loro tipo e materiali, nonch\u00e9 di integrare sistemi di ventilazione efficaci, garantendo non solo il comfort, ma anche un&#8217;elevata efficienza energetica dell&#8217;edificio.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #66cc66; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-white);\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #000; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">ORIENTAMENTO A SUD: MASSIMA ILLUMINAZIONE E GUADAGNO SOLARE<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>L&#8217;orientamento a sud \u00e8 considerato il pi\u00f9 vantaggioso per gli ambienti residenziali, poich\u00e9 garantisce la massima illuminazione naturale e un notevole guadagno solare di calore durante tutto l&#8217;anno, specialmente nei mesi freddi. Ci\u00f2 consente di ridurre notevolmente i costi di riscaldamento. I soggiorni, le camere dei bambini e le cucine posizionate sul lato sud ricevono l&#8217;irraggiamento solare pi\u00f9 intenso. Tuttavia, esiste il rischio di surriscaldamento nel periodo estivo, il che richiede un&#8217;accurata progettazione di elementi di protezione solare, come persiane esterne, tende da sole o sporgenze architettoniche (pensiline, balconi), che ombreggiano le finestre dal sole estivo alto, ma lasciano passare il sole invernale basso.<\/p>\n<p>Per le facciate esposte a sud \u00e8 di importanza critica la scelta di finestre con una combinazione ottimale di valore U e SHGC (coefficiente di guadagno termico solare). Secondo la DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021, per le finestre degli edifici residenziali in Ucraina il valore U raccomandato \u00e8 compreso tra 0,8 e 1,1 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K), mentre per le case passive questo valore pu\u00f2 essere ancora pi\u00f9 basso. In questo caso, per le finestre a sud si scelgono spesso vetrocamere con SHGC elevato (ad esempio, 0,4\u20130,6), per sfruttare al massimo il calore solare gratuito in inverno. Tuttavia, per evitare il surriscaldamento, queste vetrocamere devono essere combinate con sistemi di ombreggiamento efficaci o avere un rivestimento speciale che regoli la penetrazione solare (ad esempio, vetrocamere selettive con basso g-value, che bloccano la radiazione infrarossa). La progettazione dei nodi di raccordo delle finestre alla parete deve garantire l&#8217;assenza di ponti termici e una tenuta all&#8217;aria a livello di n50 \u2264 0,6 h\u207b\u00b9 a una pressione di 50 Pa, il che \u00e8 un indicatore di elevata efficienza energetica. L&#8217;uso di profili termoisolanti, di un sigillante di qualit\u00e0 e di nastri per la barriera al vapore e l&#8217;impermeabilizzazione \u00e8 obbligatorio. La modellazione BIM consente di calcolare con precisione le traiettorie del sole, l&#8217;entit\u00e0 dell&#8217;apporto solare e l&#8217;efficacia degli elementi di protezione solare, aiutando architetti e ingegneri a ottimizzare le soluzioni per raggiungere il massimo comfort e il minimo consumo energetico.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #66cc66; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-white);\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #000; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">ORIENTAMENTO A NORD: LUCE STABILE E DISPERSIONI TERMICHE<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>L&#8217;orientamento a nord della facciata si caratterizza per l&#8217;assenza di luce solare diretta, il che garantisce un&#8217;illuminazione stabile e diffusa senza riflessi n\u00e9 surriscaldamento. Ci\u00f2 \u00e8 ideale per laboratori, studi, uffici, biblioteche o ambienti dove \u00e8 necessaria una temperatura costante, ad esempio dispense o guardaroba. Tuttavia, gli ambienti a nord sono soggetti a notevoli dispersioni termiche, specialmente nel periodo invernale, poich\u00e9 non ricevono un apporto solare per compensarle. Pertanto, per le facciate a nord le soluzioni architettoniche devono essere orientate alla massima conservazione del calore e alla minimizzazione delle perdite.<\/p>\n<p>La scelta delle finestre per il lato nord \u00e8 di importanza critica. Le vetrocamere devono avere il valore U (trasmittanza termica) pi\u00f9 basso possibile, ad esempio 0,7\u20130,9 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K), per ridurre al minimo le dispersioni termiche. Si raccomanda l&#8217;uso di profili multicamera, vetrocamere di qualit\u00e0 a risparmio energetico con doppio o triplo rivestimento basso-emissivo e riempimento con argon o kripton. Inoltre, \u00e8 importante prevedere un elevato livello di isolamento termico delle pareti che confinano con il lato nord. Ad esempio, la resistenza termica R (m\u00b2\u22c5K)\/W per le pareti deve essere conforme alle norme regionali, spesso superiore a 3,3 m\u00b2\u22c5K\/W, secondo la DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021 per l&#8217;Ucraina. La progettazione dei nodi di raccordo delle finestre \u00e8 particolarmente importante per le facciate a nord, poich\u00e9 eventuali ponti termici saranno pi\u00f9 evidenti a causa del costante gradiente di temperatura. L&#8217;uso di nastri isolanti speciali, sigillanti poliuretanici espansi da montaggio e membrane per barriera al vapore\/impermeabilizzazione aiuta a raggiungere la necessaria tenuta all&#8217;aria e a prevenire la formazione di condensa. La modellazione con strumenti BIM consente di individuare potenziali punti deboli nel contorno termico e ottimizzare le soluzioni costruttive, garantendo comfort ed efficienza energetica anche senza illuminazione solare diretta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #66cc66; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-white);\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #000; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">ORIENTAMENTO A EST: SOLE MATTUTINO E COMFORT DINAMICO<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>L&#8217;orientamento a est degli ambienti si caratterizza per una piacevole luce solare mattutina, che favorisce un risveglio vivace e garantisce un&#8217;illuminazione morbida senza surriscaldamento per la maggior parte della giornata. Ci\u00f2 lo rende ideale per camere da letto, camere dei bambini, colazioni in cucina e studi di lavoro, dove \u00e8 necessaria concentrazione senza riflessi diurni. Il vantaggio dell&#8217;orientamento a est consiste nel fatto che il sole al mattino non \u00e8 cos\u00ec intenso da causare un notevole surriscaldamento, e verso mezzogiorno si sposta gi\u00e0, permettendo all&#8217;ambiente di raffreddarsi.<\/p>\n<p>Per le facciate esposte a est, la scelta dei sistemi di finestrature \u00e8 meno critica dal punto di vista del surriscaldamento rispetto a quelle esposte a sud o a ovest, tuttavia \u00e8 importante garantire un equilibrio ottimale tra isolamento termico e trasmissione della luce. Il valore U raccomandato per le vetrocamere \u00e8 conforme ai requisiti generali della DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021, ossia 0,8\u20131,1 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K). L&#8217;SHGC (coefficiente di guadagno termico solare) pu\u00f2 essere medio, ad esempio 0,35\u20130,5. \u00c8 importante che le finestre lascino passare abbastanza luce (LT \u2013 coefficiente di trasmissione luminosa), il che \u00e8 spesso una priorit\u00e0 per l&#8217;illuminazione mattutina, per ridurre al minimo la necessit\u00e0 di illuminazione artificiale. Per le camere da letto pu\u00f2 essere utile installare tende o persiane oscuranti per regolare la luminosit\u00e0 al mattino. La progettazione dei nodi di raccordo delle finestre sulla facciata est deve essere eseguita con la stessa accuratezza degli altri punti cardinali, per prevenire i ponti termici e garantire la tenuta all&#8217;aria. Le tecnologie moderne, come l&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/clt-paneli\/\">uso dei pannelli XLAM<\/a> nella struttura delle pareti, consentono di creare involucri edilizi altamente isolati ed ermetici, il che riduce al minimo l&#8217;impatto delle oscillazioni di temperatura esterne e garantisce un microclima interno stabile. La modellazione BIM aiuta a visualizzare il sole mattutino e il suo impatto sull&#8217;ambiente, consentendo agli architetti di calibrare con precisione il design.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #66cc66; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-white);\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #000; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">ORIENTAMENTO A OVEST: CALORE E LUCE SERALE<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>L&#8217;orientamento a ovest degli ambienti si caratterizza per un intenso sole serale, che pu\u00f2 essere piacevole in caso di clima fresco, ma spesso causa un notevole surriscaldamento in estate, specialmente nel pomeriggio. Questo effetto \u00e8 amplificato dal fatto che l&#8217;aria e le superfici dell&#8217;edificio sono gi\u00e0 state riscaldate durante il giorno. I soggiorni, le sale da pranzo e le stanze di relax rivolte a ovest possono ricevere molta luce alla sera, ma richiedono soluzioni particolari per il controllo dell&#8217;apporto di calore. La lotta contro il surriscaldamento estivo \u00e8 il compito principale per le facciate a ovest.<\/p>\n<p>Per le finestre a ovest \u00e8 di importanza critica un SHGC basso (coefficiente di guadagno termico solare), ad esempio 0,25\u20130,35, combinato con un valore U basso (0,8\u20131,1 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K)). Si raccomanda l&#8217;uso di vetrocamere con rivestimento selettivo, che blocca efficacemente la radiazione infrarossa, ma lascia passare la luce visibile. \u00c8 inoltre opportuno applicare elementi di protezione solare esterni, come persiane verticali, pannelli scorrevoli, pergole o verde (ad esempio, alberi a foglie caduche, che in estate ombreggiano e in inverno lasciano passare il sole). Ci\u00f2 consente di ridurre notevolmente l&#8217;apporto solare e prevenire il surriscaldamento degli ambienti. Secondo la DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021, per garantire un regime termico confortevole in estate occorre tenere conto dell&#8217;insolazione e utilizzare misure adeguate. La progettazione dei nodi di raccordo delle finestre richiede particolare attenzione, poich\u00e9 le forti oscillazioni di temperatura possono creare sollecitazioni aggiuntive sui materiali e sulle guarnizioni. \u00c8 importante garantire la tenuta (n50) e la minimizzazione dei ponti termici. Il <a href=\"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/dyzayn-interyeru\/\">design d&#8217;interni<\/a> di tali ambienti pu\u00f2 anche includere tonalit\u00e0 chiare che riflettono il calore, e aperture di ventilazione per il raffreddamento naturale. Anche l&#8217;integrazione di un sistema di ventilazione efficace con recupero di calore aiuter\u00e0 a mantenere un microclima ottimale, garantendo aria fresca senza notevoli perdite di energia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #66cc66; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-white);\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #000; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">OTTIMIZZAZIONE DEI SISTEMI DI FINESTRATURE: PROFILO, VETROCAMERA E I LORO VALORI U\/R<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>La scelta dei sistemi di finestrature non \u00e8 semplicemente una questione estetica, ma un aspetto critico dell&#8217;efficienza energetica e del comfort dell&#8217;edificio. Il profilo e la vetrocamera sono le componenti principali che determinano le caratteristiche termotecniche della finestra, misurate con il valore U (trasmittanza termica) e il valore R (resistenza termica), che sono inversamente proporzionali. Pi\u00f9 basso \u00e8 il valore U, migliore \u00e8 l&#8217;isolamento termico. I requisiti moderni della DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021 per l&#8217;Ucraina prevedono un valore U per le finestre degli edifici residenziali nell&#8217;intervallo 0,8\u20131,1 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K), mentre per gli edifici passivi questo valore pu\u00f2 essere ancora pi\u00f9 basso, ad esempio 0,7 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K).<\/p>\n<p>La scelta del profilo dipende dal materiale: PVC, legno o alluminio. I profili in PVC con struttura multicamera (5-7 camere) garantiscono un elevato isolamento termico. I profili in legno (legno lamellare) hanno anch&#8217;essi eccellenti propriet\u00e0 isolanti. I profili in alluminio sono solitamente utilizzati per grandi superfici vetrate, ma richiedono tagli termici per prevenire i ponti termici. La vetrocamera \u00e8 l&#8217;elemento pi\u00f9 significativo. Le sue prestazioni termotecniche sono determinate dal numero di camere (2-3 camere), dalla presenza di rivestimenti basso-emissivi (Low-E), che riflettono il calore, e dal riempimento delle camere con gas inerti (argon, kripton), che riducono la trasmissione del calore. Anche il coefficiente di guadagno termico solare (SHGC) \u00e8 importante: un SHGC alto (0,4-0,6) lascia passare pi\u00f9 calore solare, il che \u00e8 utile per le finestre a sud in inverno; un SHGC basso (0,2-0,35) blocca il calore solare, il che \u00e8 ideale per le finestre a ovest in estate per prevenire il surriscaldamento. Il coefficiente di trasmissione luminosa (LT) indica quanta luce visibile attraversa il vetro. La scelta ottimale di questi parametri consente di adattare le finestre all&#8217;orientamento e alle condizioni climatiche specifiche, garantendo il massimo comfort e costi energetici minimi. La modellazione BIM consente di integrare questi parametri nel modello virtuale dell&#8217;edificio e calcolare con precisione la sua efficienza energetica.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #66cc66; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-white);\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #000; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">ANALISI DETTAGLIATA DEI NODI DI RACCORDO DELLE FINESTRE ALLA PARETE: PREVENZIONE DEI PONTI TERMICI<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>I nodi di raccordo delle finestre alla parete sono tra i punti pi\u00f9 vulnerabili nel contorno termico dell&#8217;edificio. Una loro progettazione e un montaggio scorretti portano alla formazione di ponti termici, che causano notevoli dispersioni termiche, condensa, sviluppo di muffa e riduzione della tenuta all&#8217;aria complessiva dell&#8217;involucro edilizio. Una soluzione efficace di questi nodi \u00e8 fondamentale per raggiungere gli elevati standard di efficienza energetica definiti dalla DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021, che richiedono la minimizzazione dei ponti termici lineari.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;approccio moderno alla progettazione dei nodi di raccordo si basa sul principio del &#8216;contorno ermetico&#8217; e dell&#8217;isolamento termico continuo. Componenti principali:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Isolamento termico nella zona di raccordo:<\/strong> L&#8217;installazione di elementi isolanti aggiuntivi (ad esempio, XPS o lana minerale) lungo il perimetro dell&#8217;apertura della finestra, che coprono parzialmente il telaio della finestra, aiuta a ridurre i ponti termici lineari.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Montaggio a tre strati:<\/strong> \u00c8 un sistema composto da tre strati: esterno (permeabile al vapore, impermeabilizzante), intermedio (strato principale di isolamento termico e acustico, ad esempio schiuma di montaggio con basso coefficiente di conducibilit\u00e0 termica) e interno (impermeabile al vapore, ermetico). Questo metodo garantisce un&#8217;efficace protezione dall&#8217;umidit\u00e0 esterna, l&#8217;evacuazione dell&#8217;umidit\u00e0 dall&#8217;interno e un isolamento termico affidabile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uso di materiali specializzati:<\/strong> L&#8217;applicazione di nastri sigillanti precompressi (PSUL) all&#8217;esterno, nastri interni per barriera al vapore, sigillante di qualit\u00e0 e schiuma di montaggio con basso \u03bb (coefficiente di conducibilit\u00e0 termica).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Posizionamento preciso della finestra:<\/strong> Una disposizione ottimale della finestra nel piano della parete, di norma nel terzo esterno o nello strato di isolamento termico, consente di integrarla al meglio nel contorno termico.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La modellazione BIM svolge un ruolo chiave nella visualizzazione e nell&#8217;analisi di questi nodi, consentendo agli ingegneri di calcolare i campi di temperatura e i flussi di calore, individuare potenziali ponti termici e ottimizzare la loro soluzione costruttiva gi\u00e0 in fase di progettazione. Ci\u00f2 \u00e8 garanzia di durabilit\u00e0, efficienza energetica e assenza di condensa nella zona delle finestre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #66cc66; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-white);\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #000; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">INTEGRAZIONE NELLA PROGETTAZIONE: MODELLAZIONE BIM PER UN DESIGN ORIENTATO AL SOLE<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>Nella pratica architettonica moderna, l&#8217;integrazione dei principi di orientamento solare nella fase di progettazione \u00e8 parte integrante della creazione di edifici efficienti dal punto di vista energetico e confortevoli. La tecnologia BIM (Building Information Modeling) ha rivoluzionato questo processo, fornendo ad architetti e ingegneri un potente strumentario per l&#8217;analisi e l&#8217;ottimizzazione. Il BIM consente di creare un modello digitale dell&#8217;edificio che contiene non solo dati geometrici, ma anche tutti i dati tecnici su ogni elemento, inclusi i materiali delle pareti, il tipo di profili delle finestre, le vetrocamere, i loro valori U, SHGC e altri parametri.<\/p>\n<p>I principali vantaggi del BIM nel design orientato al sole:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Analisi dell&#8217;insolazione e dell&#8217;ombreggiamento:<\/strong> Il software BIM consente di simulare con precisione il movimento del sole durante il giorno e l&#8217;anno per la posizione geografica specifica dell&#8217;edificio. Ci\u00f2 consente di determinare il livello di irraggiamento solare di ogni superficie e ambiente, individuare zone di surriscaldamento o illuminazione insufficiente. Gli architetti possono sperimentare con diversi orientamenti dell&#8217;edificio, dimensioni e posizionamento delle finestre, nonch\u00e9 con il design di elementi di protezione solare (pensiline, tende, persiane), per ottimizzare l&#8217;apporto solare e prevenire il surriscaldamento.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Analisi energetica:<\/strong> I modelli BIM possono essere utilizzati per condurre un&#8217;analisi energetica integrata. Grazie a ci\u00f2 \u00e8 possibile calcolare il consumo energetico previsto dell&#8217;edificio per riscaldamento, raffreddamento e illuminazione, tenendo conto degli apporti solari e delle dispersioni termiche. Ci\u00f2 consente di valutare l&#8217;efficacia di diverse soluzioni e scegliere i materiali e le strutture ottimali, conformi alle normative della DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ottimizzazione dell&#8217;illuminazione naturale:<\/strong> La simulazione dell&#8217;illuminazione naturale consente di valutare il livello di KPO (coefficiente di illuminazione naturale) nelle diverse parti degli ambienti, garantendo la conformit\u00e0 alle norme igieniche e riducendo al minimo la necessit\u00e0 di illuminazione artificiale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coordinamento e individuazione dei conflitti:<\/strong> La natura integrata del BIM consente di coordinare il lavoro di diversi professionisti (architetti, progettisti strutturali, ingegneri HVAC), garantendo che tutte le decisioni relative all&#8217;orientamento, ai sistemi di finestrature e alla ventilazione funzionino in modo armonioso.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Grazie alla modellazione BIM, la progettazione degli edifici tenendo conto dell&#8217;orientamento solare diventa pi\u00f9 precisa, pi\u00f9 efficiente e consente di creare opere architettoniche realmente di alta qualit\u00e0 ed efficienti dal punto di vista energetico nelle condizioni dell&#8217;Ucraina.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; border: 1px solid #66cc66; border-radius: 10px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-white);\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #000; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">CONFRONTO COMPARATIVO: IMPATTO DELL&#8217;ORIENTAMENTO SUI VALORI U\/R E SUL CONSUMO ENERGETICO<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>Per dimostrare l&#8217;impatto critico dell&#8217;orientamento sugli indici termotecnici e sul consumo energetico, effettuiamo un confronto comparativo sull&#8217;esempio di una tipica casa residenziale nell&#8217;oblast di Kyiv, conforme ai requisiti minimi della DBN \u0412.2.6-31:2021. Esaminiamo due scenari: orientamento ottimale e subottimale. Come modello di base prenderemo una casa con valore U delle pareti di 0,2 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K) (R=5,0 m\u00b2\u22c5K\/W), valore U delle finestre di 1,0 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K) (R=1,0 m\u00b2\u22c5K\/W) e SHGC medio delle finestre di 0,4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Scenario 1: Orientamento ottimale.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Facciata sud: finestre grandi, che ricevono il massimo guadagno solare in inverno. Vetrocamere con SHGC 0,5.<\/li>\n<li>Facciata nord: superficie minima delle finestre, con valore U di 0,9 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K) per ridurre le dispersioni termiche.<\/li>\n<li>Facciate est\/ovest: finestre di superficie media, con SHGC 0,35 ed efficaci elementi di protezione solare esterni a ovest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Risultati della simulazione (con l&#8217;uso di software per l&#8217;audit energetico): il consumo energetico annuo previsto per il riscaldamento \u00e8 di circa 60-70 kWh\/m\u00b2, e per il raffreddamento di 15-20 kWh\/m\u00b2. L&#8217;efficienza energetica complessiva corrisponde alla classe B o A. Il comfort termico \u00e8 mantenuto con un uso minimo di sistemi attivi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Scenario 2: Orientamento subottimale.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Facciata sud: finestre di piccola superficie, che limita il guadagno solare invernale.<\/li>\n<li>Facciata nord: finestre grandi, che causano dispersioni termiche eccessive.<\/li>\n<li>Facciata ovest: finestre grandi senza adeguata protezione solare, che causa un notevole surriscaldamento in estate. Vetrocamere con SHGC 0,4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Risultati della simulazione: il consumo energetico annuo previsto per il riscaldamento sale a 90-110 kWh\/m\u00b2 a causa delle maggiori dispersioni e del minore guadagno solare. Il consumo per il raffreddamento aumenta a 40-50 kWh\/m\u00b2 a causa del surriscaldamento estivo. L&#8217;efficienza energetica complessiva scende alla classe C o D. Il comfort interno oscilla, richiedendo un intervento costante dei sistemi HVAC.<\/p>\n<p>Questo confronto illustra chiaramente che un orientamento correttamente scelto dell&#8217;edificio e delle stanze, unito a una scelta ottimizzata dei sistemi di finestrature e dei dettagli di raccordo, pu\u00f2 ridurre il consumo energetico annuo per riscaldamento e raffreddamento del 30-50%. Non si tratta solo di un notevole risparmio economico durante il ciclo di vita dell&#8217;edificio, ma anche di un contributo significativo al raggiungimento degli obiettivi di riduzione delle emissioni di CO\u2082 e alla garanzia di uno sviluppo sostenibile.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #40bf40; transition: all 0.3s ease;\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50);\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">Quale orientamento delle finestre \u00e8 considerato migliore per le stanze residenziali?<\/summary>\n<div>Per la maggior parte delle stanze residenziali, come soggiorni e camere dei bambini, l&#8217;orientamento migliore \u00e8 considerato quello a sud o a sud-est. Garantisce la massima illuminazione naturale e il guadagno solare di calore in inverno, il che consente di ridurre i costi di riscaldamento. Tuttavia, \u00e8 importante prevedere elementi di protezione solare per prevenire il surriscaldamento in estate.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50);\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">Perch\u00e9 per gli ambienti a nord \u00e8 importante avere un valore U basso delle finestre?<\/summary>\n<div>Gli ambienti a nord non ricevono luce solare diretta, quindi non hanno un apporto solare per compensare le dispersioni termiche. Un valore U (trasmittanza termica) basso delle finestre riduce al minimo le perdite di calore attraverso la vetrocamera, il che \u00e8 fondamentale per mantenere una temperatura confortevole e l&#8217;efficienza energetica nel periodo freddo. Il valore U raccomandato per tali finestre \u00e8 0,7\u20130,9 W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K).<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50);\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">Quali soluzioni architettoniche aiutano a evitare il surriscaldamento delle stanze a ovest?<\/summary>\n<div>Per le stanze a ovest, che ricevono un intenso sole serale, soluzioni efficaci sono gli elementi di protezione solare esterni: persiane verticali, pannelli scorrevoli, pergole, tettoie profonde o verde con alberi a foglie caduche. \u00c8 inoltre importante la scelta di vetrocamere con basso SHGC (coefficiente di guadagno termico solare) 0,25\u20130,35, che bloccano la radiazione infrarossa.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50);\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">Come aiuta la modellazione BIM nell&#8217;ottimizzazione dell&#8217;orientamento delle stanze?<\/summary>\n<div>La modellazione BIM consente di effettuare un&#8217;analisi precisa dell&#8217;insolazione e dell&#8217;ombreggiamento, la simulazione del movimento del sole e del suo impatto su ogni ambiente. Ci\u00f2 aiuta gli architetti a ottimizzare le dimensioni e la posizione delle finestre, la scelta delle vetrocamere e la progettazione degli elementi di protezione solare, per raggiungere il miglior equilibrio tra illuminazione, comfort termico ed efficienza energetica, secondo le DBN ucraine.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50);\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">Cosa sono il valore U e l&#8217;SHGC, e perch\u00e9 sono importanti nell&#8217;orientamento delle finestre?<\/summary>\n<div>Il valore U (trasmittanza termica) indica quanto calore viene disperso attraverso un metro quadrato di finestra (W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K)). Pi\u00f9 \u00e8 basso, migliore \u00e8 l&#8217;isolamento termico. L&#8217;SHGC (coefficiente di guadagno termico solare) indica quanto calore solare passa attraverso il vetro (grandezza adimensionale da 0 a 1). Entrambi gli indici sono fondamentali per la scelta delle finestre in base all&#8217;orientamento: per il nord \u00e8 importante un valore U basso, per il sud un SHGC alto (con controllo del surriscaldamento), e per l&#8217;ovest un SHGC basso.<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<details style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; transition: all 0.3s ease; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50);\">\n<summary style=\"cursor: pointer; font-weight: bold; transition: color 0.3s ease;\">Che importanza ha la progettazione dei nodi di raccordo delle finestre?<\/summary>\n<div>La progettazione dei nodi di raccordo delle finestre alla parete \u00e8 di importanza decisiva per prevenire i ponti termici e garantire la tenuta all&#8217;aria dell&#8217;edificio. Nodi di scarsa qualit\u00e0 causano notevoli dispersioni termiche, condensa e comparsa di muffa. Un corretto montaggio a tre strati, l&#8217;uso di un isolamento termico di qualit\u00e0 e di sigillanti sono obbligatori per gli edifici efficienti dal punto di vista energetico, come quelli passivi o ZEB (Zero Energy Building).<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: 30px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #40bf40; transition: all 0.3s ease;\">Glossario<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50); transition: all 0.3s ease;\">          <strong style=\"color: #000;\">Valore U (Trasmittanza termica):<\/strong> Indicatore numerico che caratterizza le propriet\u00e0 di isolamento termico di una struttura di involucro (parete, finestra, tetto). Si misura in W\/(m\u00b2\u22c5K) e indica quanto calore attraversa un metro quadrato di struttura con una differenza di temperatura di un Kelvin. Pi\u00f9 basso \u00e8 il valore U, meglio il materiale trattiene il calore.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50); transition: all 0.3s ease;\">          <strong style=\"color: #000;\">SHGC (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient):<\/strong> Coefficiente di guadagno termico solare. Grandezza adimensionale che indica quale frazione dell&#8217;energia solare incidente su una vetrocamera passa attraverso di essa nell&#8217;ambiente. Valori da 0 a 1. Un SHGC alto significa un maggiore apporto di calore solare, uno basso significa un apporto minore.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50); transition: all 0.3s ease;\">          <strong style=\"color: #000;\">Tenuta all&#8217;aria (n50):<\/strong> Indicatore della tenuta dell&#8217;involucro edilizio, misurato come tasso di ricambio d&#8217;aria a una differenza di pressione di prova di 50 Pa (n50). Un&#8217;elevata tenuta all&#8217;aria (basso valore di n50, ad esempio \u2264 0,6 h\u207b\u00b9 per le case passive) \u00e8 fondamentale per ridurre al minimo le perdite di calore per infiltrazione e raggiungere un&#8217;elevata efficienza energetica.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--koleo-green-100); border-radius: 8px; background-color: var(--koleo-green-50); transition: all 0.3s ease;\">          <strong style=\"color: #000;\">BIM (Building Information Modeling):<\/strong> Tecnologia di modellazione informativa degli edifici, che consente di creare e gestire un modello digitale dell&#8217;edificio. Il BIM integra tutti i dati relativi agli aspetti architettonici, strutturali, tecnologici e di altro tipo del progetto, garantendo un&#8217;analisi completa, la visualizzazione e il coordinamento in tutte le fasi del ciclo di vita dell&#8217;immobile.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; COME ORIENTARE LE STANZE SECONDO I PUNTI CARDINALI PRINCIPI ARCHITETTONICI E SOLUZIONI EFFICIENTI DAL PUNTO DI VISTA ENERGETICO L&#8217;orientamento ottimale delle stanze secondo i punti cardinali \u00e8 un aspetto fondamentale della progettazione architettonica, che influisce direttamente sul livello di illuminazione naturale, sul comfort termico, sul consumo energetico dell&#8217;edificio e sulla qualit\u00e0 di vita complessiva [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68957,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[201],"tags":[198],"class_list":["post-76148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-filosofiya-arkhitektury","tag-content_uploader"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76148"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76148\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/68957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/koleo.com.ua\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}